Natural Sciences

Physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and the sciences of the earth and brain.

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Curated highlights

Laureates and fully researched profiles first, in order of birth.

The only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences.

Found the atomic nucleus and split the atom.

Rewrote space, time, gravity and light in a single year of work.

Worked out at nineteen why some stars must collapse into black holes.

Demoted, defunded, and right: her mRNA work produced the COVID vaccines.

The silver stain that made neurons visible.

Physicists whose laws and experiments underwrite energy, electronics, imaging and the space age.

Chemists behind the periodic table, synthetic materials, fertiliser and modern pharmacy.

Biologists and geneticists who explained heredity, evolution and the machinery of the cell.

Astronomers who measured the cosmos, from ancient star catalogues to expanding-universe cosmology.

Researchers who mapped the neuron, memory and the chemistry of mind.