Alexander Fleming
1881 – 1955 · United Kingdom · Medicine, Biology
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1945
Penicillin; antibiotics have saved an estimated 200 million lives.
Index entry
Alexander Fleming is currently a short index entry. The research desk can draft the full profile — achievements, works, living legacy and what is documented about the family line.
Expand this profileTalks and interviews
Continuity of ideas
Who shaped Alexander Fleming, and who they shaped
Inherited from2
- Ignaz Semmelweis
1818 – 1865 · Medicine
Semmelweis's antisepsis is the infection-control frame antibiotics later joined.
- Louis Pasteur
1822 – 1895 · Chemistry, Medicine
Germ theory made an antibacterial mould worth noticing rather than discarding.
Passed the work to1
- Howard Florey
1898 – 1968 · Medicine
Florey's Oxford team turned Fleming's observation into a purified, dosed drug.
Sources and references
Numbered markers in the text above point to the entries below. Each links to a primary document, archival collection or scholarly reference where the claim about Alexander Fleming can be checked.
- 1.Nobel Prize record — Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1945
The Nobel Foundation · Primary source
- 2.Primary texts and first editions by or about Alexander Fleming
Internet Archive · Primary source
- 3.Catalogued holdings and archival finding aids for Alexander Fleming
WorldCat (OCLC) · Archive
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Zhang Zhongjing
150 – 219Treatise on Cold Damage remains a foundation of Chinese medicine.