Economics, Business & Politics
Economists, political economists, entrepreneurs and statesmen whose theories, firms and constitutions organise money and power.
Narrow by discipline
- Indexed lives
- 52
- Nobel laureates
- 10
- Countries
- 20
- Earliest birth
- 106 BCE
Curated highlights
Laureates and fully researched profiles first, in order of birth.
Muhammad Yunus
b. 1940Lent $27 of his own money and started a global industry for the poor.
Gunnar Myrdal
1898 – 1987Cumulative causation and the economics of racial inequality in America.
Friedrich Hayek
1899 – 1992Prices as information; the intellectual engine of late-century market liberalism.
Milton Friedman
1912 – 2006Monetarism, floating exchange rates and a generation of deregulation.
Paul Samuelson
1915 – 2009Mathematised economics and wrote the textbook that taught the postwar world.
Amartya Sen
b. 1933Recast famine as a failure of entitlement, not food supply.
Disciplines in this category
Economics
28Economists whose theories set fiscal policy, development strategy and the design of markets.
Political Economy
15Thinkers who studied wealth and power together — markets, classes, states and empires as one system.
Business
10Founders, industrialists and management thinkers who built the firms and methods the economy runs on.
Politics
15Statesmen, constitution-makers and political theorists who designed how power is won and limited.
Every figure in Economics, Business & Politics
- Cicero · Italy
- Ibn Khaldun · Tunisia
- Niccolò Machiavelli · Italy
- Thomas Hobbes · United Kingdom
- John Locke · United Kingdom
- Montesquieu · France
- Adam Smith · United Kingdom
- Alexander Hamilton · United States
- Mary Wollstonecraft · United Kingdom
- Thomas Robert Malthus · United Kingdom
- David Ricardo · United Kingdom
- Simón Bolívar · Venezuela
- John Stuart Mill · United Kingdom
- Karl Marx · Germany
- Friedrich Engels · Germany
- Andrew Carnegie · United States
- Jamsetji Tata · India
- Frederick Winslow Taylor · United States
- Wallace Wattles · United States
- Henry Ford · United States
- Max Weber · Germany
- Sun Yat-sen · China
- Madam C. J. Walker · United States
- John Maynard Keynes · United Kingdom
- Joseph Schumpeter · Austria
- Napoleon Hill · United States
- Karl Polanyi · Hungary
- B. R. Ambedkar · India
- Gunnar Myrdal · Sweden
- Friedrich Hayek · Austria
- W. Edwards Deming · United States
- Raúl Prebisch · Argentina
- John von Neumann · Hungary
- Joan Robinson · United Kingdom
- Hannah Arendt · Germany
- Peter Drucker · Austria
- Kwame Nkrumah · Ghana
- Milton Friedman · United States
- Taiichi Ohno · Japan
- Anna J. Schwartz · United States
- Paul Samuelson · United States
- Lee Kuan Yew · Singapore
- Catherine Ponder · United States
- Amartya Sen · India
- Elinor Ostrom · United States
- Daniel Kahneman · Israel
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf · Liberia
- Muhammad Yunus · Bangladesh
- Ha-Joon Chang · South Korea
- Mariana Mazzucato · Italy
- Thomas Piketty · France
- Esther Duflo · France