field list
A course in Education
The people who built education as we practise it, in the order they arrived.
Emma Curtis Hopkins
1849 – 1925The 'teacher of teachers' who trained the founders of Unity, Divine Science and Religious Science.
John Dewey
1859 – 1952Pragmatist whose learning-by-doing reshaped schools on every continent.
Rudolf Steiner
1861 – 1925Founded anthroposophic medicine with Ita Wegman; still practised in European hospitals.
Hakim Ajmal Khan
1868 – 1927Physician of Unani medicine who built its modern colleges and led the Indian National Congress.
P. S. Varier
1869 – 1944Founded Arya Vaidya Sala at Kottakkal and industrialised classical Ayurvedic pharmacy.
Benedict Lust
1872 – 1945German émigré who founded American naturopathy and its first college in 1902.
Shiv Sharma
1906 – 1980Led the campaign that won Ayurveda statutory recognition in independent India.
Deng Tietao
1916 – 2019Master physician of Guangzhou whose spleen-stomach theory shaped modern TCM curricula.
B. K. S. Iyengar
1918 – 2014Turned yoga into a precise therapeutic method taught in clinics and studios worldwide.
Paulo Freire
1921 – 1997Pedagogy of the Oppressed rewrote literacy teaching for the global south.
J. R. Worsley
1923 – 2003Founded Five Element acupuncture and the colleges that carried it across the English-speaking world.
Rachel Naomi Remen
b. 1938Built The Healer's Art curriculum, taught in medical schools on four continents.
Andrew Weil
b. 1942Founded the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine and trained a generation of fellows.
Vasant Lad
b. 1943Founded the Ayurvedic Institute in New Mexico and trained the first Western practitioners.
Giovanni Maciocia
1945 – 2018The Foundations of Chinese Medicine became the standard Western textbook of the field.
Joseph Pizzorno
b. 1948Co-founded Bastyr University, the first accredited natural-medicine university in the United States.