field list

A course in Education

The people who built education as we practise it, in the order they arrived.

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Emma Curtis Hopkins

1849 – 1925

The 'teacher of teachers' who trained the founders of Unity, Divine Science and Religious Science.

United States·New Thought · Education

John Dewey

1859 – 1952

Pragmatist whose learning-by-doing reshaped schools on every continent.

United States·Philosophy · Education

Rudolf Steiner

1861 – 1925

Founded anthroposophic medicine with Ita Wegman; still practised in European hospitals.

Austria·Integrative Medicine · Philosophy · Education

Hakim Ajmal Khan

1868 – 1927

Physician of Unani medicine who built its modern colleges and led the Indian National Congress.

India·Integrative Medicine · Education

P. S. Varier

1869 – 1944

Founded Arya Vaidya Sala at Kottakkal and industrialised classical Ayurvedic pharmacy.

India·Ayurveda · Education

Benedict Lust

1872 – 1945

German émigré who founded American naturopathy and its first college in 1902.

United States·Integrative Medicine · Education

Shiv Sharma

1906 – 1980

Led the campaign that won Ayurveda statutory recognition in independent India.

India·Ayurveda · Education

Deng Tietao

1916 – 2019

Master physician of Guangzhou whose spleen-stomach theory shaped modern TCM curricula.

China·Traditional Chinese Medicine · Education

B. K. S. Iyengar

1918 – 2014

Turned yoga into a precise therapeutic method taught in clinics and studios worldwide.

India·Integrative Medicine · Education

Paulo Freire

1921 – 1997

Pedagogy of the Oppressed rewrote literacy teaching for the global south.

Brazil·Philosophy · Education

J. R. Worsley

1923 – 2003

Founded Five Element acupuncture and the colleges that carried it across the English-speaking world.

United Kingdom·Traditional Chinese Medicine · Education

Rachel Naomi Remen

b. 1938

Built The Healer's Art curriculum, taught in medical schools on four continents.

United States·Integrative Medicine · Education

Andrew Weil

b. 1942

Founded the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine and trained a generation of fellows.

United States·Integrative Medicine · Education

Vasant Lad

b. 1943

Founded the Ayurvedic Institute in New Mexico and trained the first Western practitioners.

India·Ayurveda · Education

Giovanni Maciocia

1945 – 2018

The Foundations of Chinese Medicine became the standard Western textbook of the field.

Italy·Traditional Chinese Medicine · Education

Joseph Pizzorno

b. 1948

Co-founded Bastyr University, the first accredited natural-medicine university in the United States.

United States·Functional Medicine · Education · Medicine