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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.

42 figures

Phineas Quimby

1802 – 1866

Clockmaker turned mental healer whose notebooks seeded the entire New Thought movement.

United States·New Thought · Philosophy

Warren Felt Evans

1817 – 1889

Swedenborgian minister who wrote the first systematic books of mental-cure philosophy.

United States·New Thought · Philosophy

Frederick Douglass

1818 – 1895

His Narrative was abolition's most powerful weapon.

United States·Literature · Philosophy

Walt Whitman

1819 – 1892

Leaves of Grass invented American poetic voice.

United States·Literature

Emily Dickinson

1830 – 1886

1,800 poems found in a drawer redefined lyric compression.

United States·Literature

Carlos Juan Finlay

1833 – 1915

Identified the mosquito as the vector of yellow fever.

Cuba·Medicine

Prentice Mulford

1834 – 1891

Essayist who popularised 'thoughts are things' and the idea of mental forces.

United States·New Thought · Literature

Andrew Carnegie

1835 – 1919

Built modern steel and then invented large-scale philanthropy.

United States·Business

Machado de Assis

1839 – 1908

Wrote a novel narrated by a dead man in 1881; Brazil's greatest writer.

Brazil·Literature

William James

1842 – 1910

Founded American psychology and, with Peirce, pragmatism; studied New Thought as 'mind-cure'.

United States·Philosophy · Psychology

Myrtle Fillmore

1845 – 1931

Her recovery from tuberculosis through affirmative prayer began the Unity movement.

United States·New Thought · Theology

Thomas Edison

1847 – 1931

1,093 patents and the industrial research laboratory itself.

United States·Engineering

Emma Curtis Hopkins

1849 – 1925

The 'teacher of teachers' who trained the founders of Unity, Divine Science and Religious Science.

United States·New Thought · Education

José Martí

1853 – 1895

Poet-revolutionary whose essays founded Cuban and pan-American thought.

Cuba·Literature · Philosophy

Charles Fillmore

1854 – 1948

Co-founded Unity with Myrtle Fillmore in 1889; built its prayer ministry and publishing house.

United States·New Thought · Theology

Frederick Winslow Taylor

1856 – 1915

Scientific management — the origin of every productivity metric and its discontents.

United States·Business · Engineering

John Dewey

1859 – 1952

Pragmatist whose learning-by-doing reshaped schools on every continent.

United States·Philosophy · Education

Wallace Wattles

1860 – 1911

The Science of Getting Rich turned New Thought toward prosperity and later inspired The Secret.

United States·New Thought · Economics

Nona Brooks

1861 – 1945

Co-founded Divine Science and its Denver college of practitioners.

United States·New Thought · Theology

William Walker Atkinson

1862 – 1932

Prolific author who named the law of attraction and wrote as Yogi Ramacharaka.

United States·New Thought · Literature

Henry Ford

1863 – 1947

The moving assembly line and the five-dollar day created mass consumer industry.

United States·Business · Engineering

George Washington Carver

1864 – 1943

Crop rotation and peanut science that rescued Southern soil and farmers.

United States·Biology · Chemistry

Madam C. J. Walker

1867 – 1919

Built a national cosmetics company and became America's first self-made Black woman millionaire.

United States·Business

W. E. B. Du Bois

1868 – 1963

The Souls of Black Folk and the concept of double consciousness.

United States·Philosophy · History · Literature

Weston A. Price

1870 – 1948

Dentist whose global survey of traditional diets tied refined food to physical degeneration.

Canada·Nutrition · Medicine

Florence Scovel Shinn

1871 – 1940

Illustrator turned teacher whose parables made affirmation practice everyday.

United States·New Thought · Literature

Oswaldo Cruz

1872 – 1917

Eradicated yellow fever from Rio and founded Brazilian public health.

Brazil·Medicine

Benedict Lust

1872 – 1945

German émigré who founded American naturopathy and its first college in 1902.

United States·Integrative Medicine · Education

Alberto Santos-Dumont

1873 – 1932

Flew the first publicly witnessed powered aircraft in Europe.

Brazil·Engineering

Carlos Chagas

1879 – 1934

Described a disease, its parasite and its vector single-handedly.

Brazil·Medicine · Biology

Napoleon Hill

1883 – 1970

Think and Grow Rich carried New Thought into business self-help; his sourcing remains disputed.

United States·New Thought · Economics

Bernardo Houssay

1887 – 1971

First Latin American science laureate; pituitary role in glucose metabolism.

Argentina·MedicineNobel

Ernest Holmes

1887 – 1960

Founded Religious Science and wrote The Science of Mind, its systematic textbook.

United States·New Thought · Philosophy

Gabriela Mistral

1889 – 1957

First Latin American to win the literature Nobel; teacher and diplomat.

Chile·LiteratureNobel

Frederick Banting

1891 – 1941

Co-discovered insulin and sold the patent for one dollar.

Canada·MedicineNobel

Roger J. Williams

1893 – 1988

Discovered pantothenic acid and argued for biochemical individuality — the idea beneath functional medicine.

United States·Nutrition · Chemistry · Functional Medicine

William Faulkner

1897 – 1962

Built Yoknapatawpha County and the Southern conscience.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Norman Vincent Peale

1898 – 1993

The Power of Positive Thinking sold tens of millions and mainstreamed the movement.

United States·New Thought · Theology

Ernest Hemingway

1899 – 1961

Stripped English prose to the bone.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Jorge Luis Borges

1899 – 1986

Invented the labyrinth-library imagination that prefigured hypertext.

Argentina·Literature · Philosophy

Miguel Ángel Asturias

1899 – 1974

El Señor Presidente invented the Latin American dictator novel.

Guatemala·LiteratureNobel

W. Edwards Deming

1900 – 1993

Statistical quality control rebuilt Japanese manufacturing and then global industry.

United States·Business · Statistics