Viktor Frankl

1905 – 1997 · Austria · Philosophy, Psychology

Logotherapy: meaning as the primary human drive, tested in the camps.

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Continuity of ideas

Who shaped Viktor Frankl, and who they shaped

Inherited from2

  • Marcus Aurelius

    121 – 180 · Philosophy, Literature

    Frankl's logotherapy restates the Stoic hinge: the last freedom is the stance taken toward what cannot be changed.

  • Sigmund Freud

    1856 – 1939 · Medicine, Philosophy

    Frankl trained in the Vienna analytic milieu and replaced pleasure with meaning as the drive.

Passed the work to1

  • Jon Kabat-Zinn

    1944 · Integrative Medicine, Psychology

    Meaning-centred coping is an antecedent of clinical mindfulness for chronic illness.

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