Marcus Aurelius
121 – 180 · Italy · Philosophy, Literature
Emperor whose private Meditations founded modern Stoic self-help.
Index entry
Marcus Aurelius is currently a short index entry. The research desk can draft the full profile — achievements, works, living legacy and what is documented about the family line.
Expand this profileContinuity of ideas
Who shaped Marcus Aurelius, and who they shaped
Inherited from1
- Epictetus
50 – 135 · Philosophy
Marcus copies out Epictetus in the Meditations; the Handbook is his working manual of rule.
Passed the work to1
- Viktor Frankl
1905 – 1997 · Philosophy, Psychology
Frankl's logotherapy restates the Stoic hinge: the last freedom is the stance taken toward what cannot be changed.
Sources and references
Numbered markers in the text above point to the entries below. Each links to a primary document, archival collection or scholarly reference where the claim about Marcus Aurelius can be checked.
- 1.Primary texts and first editions by or about Marcus Aurelius
Internet Archive · Primary source
- 2.Catalogued holdings and archival finding aids for Marcus Aurelius
WorldCat (OCLC) · Archive
Nearby in the annals
Sun Tzu
544 BCE – 496 BCEThe Art of War is still on military and business curricula worldwide.
Zeno of Citium
334 BCE – 262 BCEFounded Stoicism in the Athenian Stoa Poikile.
Cicero
106 BCE – 43 BCERepublican theory and oratory that still frame constitutional argument.