Browse the index

Identified the mosquito as the vector of yellow fever.

Dentist whose global survey of traditional diets tied refined food to physical degeneration.

Eradicated yellow fever from Rio and founded Brazilian public health.

Described a disease, its parasite and its vector single-handedly.

First Latin American science laureate; pituitary role in glucose metabolism.

Co-discovered insulin and sold the patent for one dollar.

Polio vaccine, unpatented — 'could you patent the sun?'

Ran the first double-blind trials in psychiatry and founded orthomolecular medicine with high-dose niacin.

Monoclonal antibodies — now a $200bn class of medicines.

Documented the relaxation response at Harvard and made mind-body medicine measurable.

Framed clinical practice around the tack rule — take out what harms, put in what's missing.

Wrote The Web That Has No Weaver, then founded Harvard's programme in placebo studies.

Co-founded Bastyr University, the first accredited natural-medicine university in the United States.

Proved lifestyle change can reverse coronary artery disease; first such programme reimbursed by Medicare.

Co-discovered nucleoside-modified mRNA.