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Principles of Political Economy and On Liberty joined markets to individual freedom.

First existentialist; wrote on anxiety, despair and the leap of faith.

Das Kapital made class, capital and crisis the permanent grammar of economic argument.

Took the reader inside the mind that has decided to do the terrible thing.

War and Peace; his nonviolence doctrine directly shaped Gandhi.

Genealogy of morals, the will to power and the revaluation of all values.

Indian-service judge whose Edinburgh Lectures gave New Thought a systematic metaphysics.

Invented psychoanalysis and the modern language of the unconscious.

Founded anthroposophic medicine with Ita Wegman; still practised in European hospitals.

Twice redirected philosophy — first with logical form, then with language as use.