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Category
Era
Countries (85)
9 figures
Louis Pasteur
1822 – 1895Proved that invisible organisms cause disease — and that we can beat them.
Alfred Nobel
1833 – 1896Invented dynamite, then endowed the prizes to redeem the legacy.
Dmitri Mendeleev
1834 – 1907Arranged the elements so precisely that he could describe ones nobody had found.
George Washington Carver
1864 – 1943Crop rotation and peanut science that rescued Southern soil and farmers.
Marie Skłodowska-Curie
1867 – 1934The only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences.
Fritz Haber
1868 – 1934Ammonia synthesis feeds around half of humanity; also weaponised chlorine gas.
Ernest Rutherford
1871 – 1937Found the atomic nucleus and split the atom.
Lise Meitner
1878 – 1968Explained nuclear fission; passed over by the Nobel committee. Element 109 is meitnerium.
Roger J. Williams
1893 – 1988Discovered pantothenic acid and argued for biochemical individuality — the idea beneath functional medicine.