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Psychology

Psychology gave institutions their model of the person. Developmental stages, conditioning, cognitive therapy and trauma research all originate here, and they shape schooling, courtroom testimony, advertising and clinical care.

9 indexed lives · 1 Nobel laureates · 5 countries

Where to start

Daniel Kahneman

1934 – 2024

Prospect theory founded behavioural economics and modern policy 'nudging'.

Israel·Economics · PsychologyNobel

William James

1842 – 1910

Founded American psychology and, with Peirce, pragmatism; studied New Thought as 'mind-cure'.

United States·Philosophy · Psychology

Joseph Murphy

1898 – 1981

Recast affirmation as subconscious programming for a postwar readership.

Ireland·New Thought · Psychology

Nobel recognition in Psychology

  • Daniel Kahneman

    Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, 2002

Psychology across the centuries

19th century · 2

  • William James1842 – 1910
  • Joseph Murphy1898 – 1981

20th century · 7

  • Viktor Frankl1905 – 1997
  • Abram Hoffer1917 – 2009
  • Elmer Green1917 – 2017
  • Louise Hay1926 – 2017
  • Daniel Kahneman1934 – 2024
  • Jon Kabat-Zinnb. 1944
  • Gabor Matéb. 1944
Filter Psychology by country and era →

Related disciplines

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The Annals

A working reference, not a finished one.

Curated entries are hand-researched; the research desk drafts new profiles on demand and flags what is uncertain rather than inventing it.

Method

Dates and lineages follow mainstream scholarship. Where a family line is undocumented, we say so — and cite what stands behind every claim.