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6 figures

Rita Levi-Montalcini

1909 – 2012

Discovered nerve growth factor in a bedroom lab under fascist persecution.

Italy·Medicine · BiologyNobel

Alan Turing

1912 – 1954

Defined what a computer is, then was destroyed by the country he saved.

United Kingdom·Mathematics · Computing · BiologyFull profile

Alan Hodgkin & Andrew Huxley

1914 – 1998

Explained the nerve impulse in mathematical terms.

United Kingdom·Medicine · BiologyNobel

Francis Crick

1916 – 2004

Co-described the double helix and the central dogma of molecular biology.

United Kingdom·BiologyNobel

Rosalind Franklin

1920 – 1958

Photographed the shape of the molecule that makes us.

United Kingdom·Chemistry · BiologyFull profile

Katalin Karikó

b. 1955

Demoted, defunded, and right: her mRNA work produced the COVID vaccines.

Hungary·Medicine · Biology · ChemistryNobelFull profile