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12 figures

Shiv Sharma

1906 – 1980

Led the campaign that won Ayurveda statutory recognition in independent India.

India·Ayurveda · Education

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

1910 – 1995

Worked out at nineteen why some stars must collapse into black holes.

India·Astronomy · Physics · MathematicsNobelFull profile

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

1918 – 2008

Exported Transcendental Meditation and revived classical Ayurveda as a global health programme.

India·Ayurveda · Integrative Medicine

B. K. S. Iyengar

1918 – 2014

Turned yoga into a precise therapeutic method taught in clinics and studios worldwide.

India·Integrative Medicine · Education

Brihaspati Dev Triguna

1920 – 2013

The century's most celebrated pulse diagnostician; chaired India's central Ayurvedic council.

India·Ayurveda

Amartya Sen

b. 1933

Recast famine as a failure of entitlement, not food supply.

India·Economics · PhilosophyNobel

Ashok Vaidya

1940 – 2023

Pioneer of reverse pharmacology, translating classical formulas into clinical trials.

India·Ayurveda · Medicine

Vasant Lad

b. 1943

Founded the Ayurvedic Institute in New Mexico and trained the first Western practitioners.

India·Ayurveda · Education

Deepak Chopra

b. 1946

Endocrinologist turned global voice of mind-body medicine; contested by clinical researchers.

India·Integrative Medicine · Ayurveda

Vandana Shiva

b. 1952

Philosopher of seed sovereignty and critic of industrial agriculture.

India·Philosophy · Environment · Agriculture

Kailash Satyarthi

b. 1954

Freed tens of thousands of children from bonded labour.

India·PeaceNobel

Baba Ramdev

b. 1965

Made yoga and Ayurveda a mass movement and a corporate empire; repeatedly censured over health claims.

India·Ayurveda