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Led the campaign that won Ayurveda statutory recognition in independent India.

Wrote New Acupuncture (1951) and led the state institute that standardised the practice.

Surgeon-acupuncturist who built a biophysical model of meridian therapy.

Master physician of Guangzhou whose spleen-stomach theory shaped modern TCM curricula.

Exported Transcendental Meditation and revived classical Ayurveda as a global health programme.

Turned yoga into a precise therapeutic method taught in clinics and studios worldwide.

The century's most celebrated pulse diagnostician; chaired India's central Ayurvedic council.

Personal physician to the Dalai Lama who preserved Tibetan medicine through 17 years of imprisonment.

Carried macrobiotics from postwar Japan to the West and into the diet-and-disease debate.

Extracted artemisinin from ancient texts; millions of malaria deaths averted.

Prospect theory founded behavioural economics and modern policy 'nudging'.

Pioneer of reverse pharmacology, translating classical formulas into clinical trials.

Founded the Ayurvedic Institute in New Mexico and trained the first Western practitioners.

Endocrinologist turned global voice of mind-body medicine; contested by clinical researchers.

Reprogrammed adult cells into stem cells, remaking regenerative medicine.

Made yoga and Ayurveda a mass movement and a corporate empire; repeatedly censured over health claims.