Browse the index

Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.

15 figures

Thomas Robert Malthus

1766 – 1834

Population pressure as an economic law; the argument every food and climate debate revisits.

United Kingdom·Political Economy

David Ricardo

1772 – 1823

Comparative advantage and rent theory — still the core argument for trade.

United Kingdom·Economics · Political Economy

John Stuart Mill

1806 – 1873

Principles of Political Economy and On Liberty joined markets to individual freedom.

United Kingdom·Political Economy · Philosophy · Politics

Karl Marx

1818 – 1883

Das Kapital made class, capital and crisis the permanent grammar of economic argument.

Germany·Political Economy · Philosophy

Friedrich Engels

1820 – 1895

The Condition of the Working Class in England founded empirical labour economics.

Germany·Political Economy · History

Max Weber

1864 – 1920

Linked bureaucracy, religion and capitalism; founded the sociology of organisations.

Germany·Political Economy · History

Karl Polanyi

1886 – 1964

The Great Transformation showed markets are made by states, not found in nature.

Hungary·Political Economy · History

Gunnar Myrdal

1898 – 1987

Cumulative causation and the economics of racial inequality in America.

Sweden·Economics · Political EconomyNobel

Friedrich Hayek

1899 – 1992

Prices as information; the intellectual engine of late-century market liberalism.

Austria·Economics · Political EconomyNobel

Raúl Prebisch

1901 – 1986

Centre-periphery theory drove Latin American development strategy for decades.

Argentina·Political Economy · Economics

Joan Robinson

1903 – 1983

Imperfect competition and a lifelong challenge to orthodox capital theory.

United Kingdom·Economics · Political Economy

Kwame Nkrumah

1909 – 1972

Led Ghana to independence and theorised neo-colonial economic dependence.

Ghana·Politics · Political Economy

Ha-Joon Chang

b. 1963

Kicking Away the Ladder documented how rich states industrialised behind protection.

South Korea·Political Economy · Economics

Mariana Mazzucato

b. 1968

The Entrepreneurial State reframed public investment as the source of major innovation.

Italy·Economics · Political Economy

Thomas Piketty

b. 1971

Capital in the Twenty-First Century put wealth inequality data at the centre of policy.

France·Economics · Political Economy