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Category
Disciplines in Economics, Business & Politics
Economists, political economists, entrepreneurs and statesmen whose theories, firms and constitutions organise money and power.
Era
Countries (85)
15 figures
Thomas Robert Malthus
1766 – 1834Population pressure as an economic law; the argument every food and climate debate revisits.
David Ricardo
1772 – 1823Comparative advantage and rent theory — still the core argument for trade.
John Stuart Mill
1806 – 1873Principles of Political Economy and On Liberty joined markets to individual freedom.
Karl Marx
1818 – 1883Das Kapital made class, capital and crisis the permanent grammar of economic argument.
Friedrich Engels
1820 – 1895The Condition of the Working Class in England founded empirical labour economics.
Max Weber
1864 – 1920Linked bureaucracy, religion and capitalism; founded the sociology of organisations.
Karl Polanyi
1886 – 1964The Great Transformation showed markets are made by states, not found in nature.
Gunnar Myrdal
1898 – 1987Cumulative causation and the economics of racial inequality in America.
Friedrich Hayek
1899 – 1992Prices as information; the intellectual engine of late-century market liberalism.
Raúl Prebisch
1901 – 1986Centre-periphery theory drove Latin American development strategy for decades.
Joan Robinson
1903 – 1983Imperfect competition and a lifelong challenge to orthodox capital theory.
Kwame Nkrumah
1909 – 1972Led Ghana to independence and theorised neo-colonial economic dependence.
Ha-Joon Chang
b. 1963Kicking Away the Ladder documented how rich states industrialised behind protection.
Mariana Mazzucato
b. 1968The Entrepreneurial State reframed public investment as the source of major innovation.
Thomas Piketty
b. 1971Capital in the Twenty-First Century put wealth inequality data at the centre of policy.