A course in Nutrition

Dentist whose global survey of traditional diets tied refined food to physical degeneration.

Discovered pantothenic acid and argued for biochemical individuality — the idea beneath functional medicine.

The Seven Countries Study put diet at the centre of cardiovascular prevention.

Linked dietary fibre to Western disease patterns after describing Burkitt's lymphoma in Uganda.

Carried macrobiotics from postwar Japan to the West and into the diet-and-disease debate.

Coined and codified functional medicine; founded the Institute for Functional Medicine in 1991.

Reversed her own progressive MS disability with a mitochondrial-nutrition protocol, then trialled it.

Took functional medicine mainstream through the Cleveland Clinic Center and a run of bestsellers.

Herbalist-physician who shaped US botanical-medicine standards and education.