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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.

33 figures

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

1648 – 1695

The nun who argued for women's right to learn — and was silenced for it.

Mexico·Literature · PhilosophyFull profile

Benjamin Franklin

1706 – 1790

Electricity, bifocals, and the American public sphere.

United States·Physics · Literature · Engineering

Frederick Douglass

1818 – 1895

His Narrative was abolition's most powerful weapon.

United States·Literature · Philosophy

Walt Whitman

1819 – 1892

Leaves of Grass invented American poetic voice.

United States·Literature

Emily Dickinson

1830 – 1886

1,800 poems found in a drawer redefined lyric compression.

United States·Literature

Prentice Mulford

1834 – 1891

Essayist who popularised 'thoughts are things' and the idea of mental forces.

United States·New Thought · Literature

Machado de Assis

1839 – 1908

Wrote a novel narrated by a dead man in 1881; Brazil's greatest writer.

Brazil·Literature

José Martí

1853 – 1895

Poet-revolutionary whose essays founded Cuban and pan-American thought.

Cuba·Literature · Philosophy

William Walker Atkinson

1862 – 1932

Prolific author who named the law of attraction and wrote as Yogi Ramacharaka.

United States·New Thought · Literature

W. E. B. Du Bois

1868 – 1963

The Souls of Black Folk and the concept of double consciousness.

United States·Philosophy · History · Literature

Florence Scovel Shinn

1871 – 1940

Illustrator turned teacher whose parables made affirmation practice everyday.

United States·New Thought · Literature

Gabriela Mistral

1889 – 1957

First Latin American to win the literature Nobel; teacher and diplomat.

Chile·LiteratureNobel

William Faulkner

1897 – 1962

Built Yoknapatawpha County and the Southern conscience.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Ernest Hemingway

1899 – 1961

Stripped English prose to the bone.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Jorge Luis Borges

1899 – 1986

Invented the labyrinth-library imagination that prefigured hypertext.

Argentina·Literature · Philosophy

Miguel Ángel Asturias

1899 – 1974

El Señor Presidente invented the Latin American dictator novel.

Guatemala·LiteratureNobel

Pablo Neruda

1904 – 1973

Canto General and the love poems memorised across a continent.

Chile·LiteratureNobel

Rachel Carson

1907 – 1964

Silent Spring launched the environmental movement and got DDT banned.

United States·Biology · Literature

Octavio Paz

1914 – 1998

The Labyrinth of Solitude defined Mexican self-understanding.

Mexico·Literature · PhilosophyNobel

Clarice Lispector

1920 – 1977

Interior, philosophical fiction now a global cult.

Brazil·Literature

James Baldwin

1924 – 1987

The Fire Next Time; the most precise prose on American race ever written.

United States·Literature

Gabriel García Márquez

1927 – 2014

Made the impossible ordinary and gave Latin America its own way of telling time.

Colombia·LiteratureNobelFull profile

Martin Luther King Jr.

1929 – 1968

Letter from Birmingham Jail and a movement that rewrote American law.

United States·Peace · Philosophy · LiteratureNobel

Derek Walcott

1930 – 2017

Omeros transplanted Homer to the Caribbean.

Saint Lucia·LiteratureNobel

Kamau Brathwaite

1930 – 2020

Theorised 'nation language' and Caribbean creolisation.

Barbados·Literature · History

Toni Morrison

1931 – 2019

Wrote Black American interior life without explaining it to anyone.

United States·LiteratureNobelFull profile

Alice Munro

1931 – 2024

Made the short story carry the weight of novels.

Canada·LiteratureNobel

V. S. Naipaul

1932 – 2018

A House for Mr Biswas and a contested postcolonial vision.

Trinidad and Tobago·LiteratureNobel

Mario Vargas Llosa

1936 – 2025

Anatomies of power across the Andes and the Caribbean.

Peru·Literature · PhilosophyNobel

Margaret Atwood

b. 1939

The Handmaid's Tale became the global shorthand for reproductive coercion.

Canada·Literature

Eduardo Galeano

1940 – 2015

Open Veins of Latin America reframed a hemisphere's economic history.

Uruguay·History · Literature

Bob Dylan

b. 1941

First songwriter awarded the literature Nobel.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Rigoberta Menchú

b. 1959

Indigenous rights advocate whose testimonio reached the world.

Guatemala·Peace · LiteratureNobel