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All categoriesLiterature & Letters202Natural Sciences96Mathematics & Computing36Medicine & Healing Traditions99Engineering & Technology24Society, Peace & Law42Economics, Business & Politics52Music & Visual Arts0

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3 figures

Al-Razi (Rhazes)

854 – 925

Distinguished smallpox from measles and pioneered clinical case records.

Iran·Medicine · Chemistry

Tu Youyou

b. 1930

Extracted artemisinin from ancient texts; millions of malaria deaths averted.

China·Medicine · ChemistryNobel

Ada Yonath

b. 1939

Mapped the ribosome, the cell's protein factory and antibiotic target.

Israel·Chemistry · BiologyNobel

The Annals

A working reference, not a finished one.

Curated entries are hand-researched; the research desk drafts new profiles on demand and flags what is uncertain rather than inventing it.

Method

Dates and lineages follow mainstream scholarship. Where a family line is undocumented, we say so — and cite what stands behind every claim.