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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.
Category
Era
7 figures
John Stuart Mill
1806 – 1873Principles of Political Economy and On Liberty joined markets to individual freedom.
United Kingdom·Political Economy · Philosophy · Politics
Karl Marx
1818 – 1883Das Kapital made class, capital and crisis the permanent grammar of economic argument.
Germany·Political Economy · Philosophy
Friedrich Engels
1820 – 1895The Condition of the Working Class in England founded empirical labour economics.
Germany·Political Economy · History
Max Weber
1864 – 1920Linked bureaucracy, religion and capitalism; founded the sociology of organisations.
Germany·Political Economy · History
Karl Polanyi
1886 – 1964The Great Transformation showed markets are made by states, not found in nature.
Hungary·Political Economy · History
Gunnar Myrdal
1898 – 1987Cumulative causation and the economics of racial inequality in America.
Sweden·Economics · Political EconomyNobel
Friedrich Hayek
1899 – 1992Prices as information; the intellectual engine of late-century market liberalism.
Austria·Economics · Political EconomyNobel