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Era
9 figures
Phineas Quimby
1802 – 1866Clockmaker turned mental healer whose notebooks seeded the entire New Thought movement.
Warren Felt Evans
1817 – 1889Swedenborgian minister who wrote the first systematic books of mental-cure philosophy.
Frederick Douglass
1818 – 1895His Narrative was abolition's most powerful weapon.
William James
1842 – 1910Founded American psychology and, with Peirce, pragmatism; studied New Thought as 'mind-cure'.
José Martí
1853 – 1895Poet-revolutionary whose essays founded Cuban and pan-American thought.
John Dewey
1859 – 1952Pragmatist whose learning-by-doing reshaped schools on every continent.
W. E. B. Du Bois
1868 – 1963The Souls of Black Folk and the concept of double consciousness.
Ernest Holmes
1887 – 1960Founded Religious Science and wrote The Science of Mind, its systematic textbook.
Jorge Luis Borges
1899 – 1986Invented the labyrinth-library imagination that prefigured hypertext.