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All countries (selected filter)Austria10Belarus1Belgium2Bulgaria1Croatia1Cyprus1Czech Republic3Denmark2France16Germany21Greece3Hungary5Iceland1Ireland4Italy15Netherlands4Norway3Poland5Portugal2Romania1Russia7Serbia1Spain5Sweden4Switzerland1Ukraine1United Kingdom34

3 figures

Friedrich Engels

1820 – 1895

The Condition of the Working Class in England founded empirical labour economics.

Germany·Political Economy · History

Max Weber

1864 – 1920

Linked bureaucracy, religion and capitalism; founded the sociology of organisations.

Germany·Political Economy · History

Karl Polanyi

1886 – 1964

The Great Transformation showed markets are made by states, not found in nature.

Hungary·Political Economy · History

The Annals

A working reference, not a finished one.

Curated entries are hand-researched; the research desk drafts new profiles on demand and flags what is uncertain rather than inventing it.

Method

Dates and lineages follow mainstream scholarship. Where a family line is undocumented, we say so — and cite what stands behind every claim.