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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.

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All categoriesLiterature & Letters202Natural Sciences96 (selected filter)Mathematics & Computing36Medicine & Healing Traditions99Engineering & Technology24Society, Peace & Law42Economics, Business & Politics52Music & Visual Arts0

Disciplines in Natural Sciences

All disciplinesPhysics32Chemistry26Biology36 (selected filter)Astronomy24Neuroscience2

Physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and the sciences of the earth and brain.

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All eras (selected filter)1st–5th century6th–14th century15th–17th century18th century19th century20th century21st century

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All countries (selected filter)Afghanistan2Bangladesh1China18India26Indonesia1Iran5Iraq1Israel3Japan11Myanmar1Pakistan3Philippines1Singapore1South Korea3Türkiye3Uzbekistan4Vietnam1Yemen1

3 figures

Galen of Pergamon

129 – 216

Physician to gladiators and emperors whose anatomy ruled medicine for 1,400 years.

Türkiye·Medicine · Philosophy · BiologyFull profile

Ada Yonath

b. 1939

Mapped the ribosome, the cell's protein factory and antibiotic target.

Israel·Chemistry · BiologyNobel

Shinya Yamanaka

b. 1962

Reprogrammed adult cells into stem cells, remaking regenerative medicine.

Japan·Medicine · BiologyNobel

The Annals

A working reference, not a finished one.

Curated entries are hand-researched; the research desk drafts new profiles on demand and flags what is uncertain rather than inventing it.

Method

Dates and lineages follow mainstream scholarship. Where a family line is undocumented, we say so — and cite what stands behind every claim.