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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.

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All categoriesLiterature & Letters202Natural Sciences96 (selected filter)Mathematics & Computing36Medicine & Healing Traditions99Engineering & Technology24Society, Peace & Law42Economics, Business & Politics52Music & Visual Arts0

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All disciplines (selected filter)Physics32Chemistry26Biology36Astronomy24Neuroscience2

Physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and the sciences of the earth and brain.

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All eras1st–5th century6th–14th century15th–17th century18th century19th century20th century (selected filter)21st century

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All countries (selected filter)Algeria2Botswana1DR Congo1Egypt6Ethiopia1Ghana3Guinea-Bissau1Ivory Coast1Kenya3Liberia2Mali1Morocco2Mozambique1Nigeria4Senegal3Somalia1South Africa3Tanzania1Tunisia1Zimbabwe1

3 figures

Wangari Maathai

1940 – 2011

Green Belt Movement founder; 51 million trees and a democracy campaign.

Kenya·Peace · BiologyNobel

Ahmed Zewail

1946 – 2016

Founded femtochemistry, filming chemical bonds as they break.

Egypt·ChemistryNobel

Mia Couto

b. 1955

Biologist-novelist who reinvented Portuguese in Mozambican terms.

Mozambique·Literature · Biology

The Annals

A working reference, not a finished one.

Curated entries are hand-researched; the research desk drafts new profiles on demand and flags what is uncertain rather than inventing it.

Method

Dates and lineages follow mainstream scholarship. Where a family line is undocumented, we say so — and cite what stands behind every claim.