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Category
Disciplines in Natural Sciences
Physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and the sciences of the earth and brain.
Era
Countries (85)
8 figures
Johannes Kepler
1571 – 1630Three laws of planetary motion; every satellite orbit obeys them.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1749 – 1832A poet who also did serious science, and defined what a modern European is.
Alexander von Humboldt
1769 – 1859Invented the idea that nature is a single connected web — and that we can wreck it.
Carl Friedrich Gauss
1777 – 1855The Prince of Mathematicians; number theory, geodesy, magnetism.
Max Planck
1858 – 1947Quantised energy and started quantum theory.
Albert Einstein
1879 – 1955Rewrote space, time, gravity and light in a single year of work.
Emmy Noether
1882 – 1935Noether's theorem links symmetry to conservation laws — the backbone of modern physics.
Werner Heisenberg
1901 – 1976The uncertainty principle.