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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.
Category
Disciplines in Medicine & Healing Traditions
Clinical medicine and public health alongside the functional, integrative, Chinese and Ayurvedic traditions.
Era
Countries (85)
All countries (selected filter)Afghanistan2Algeria2Argentina4Australia5Austria10Bangladesh1Barbados2Belarus1Belgium2Botswana1Brazil6Bulgaria1Canada6Chile2China18Colombia2Costa Rica1Croatia1Cuba2Cyprus1Czech Republic3Denmark2DR Congo1Egypt6Ethiopia1Fiji1France16Germany21Ghana3Greece3Guatemala2Guinea-Bissau1Hungary5Iceland1India26Indonesia1Iran5Iraq1Ireland4Israel3Italy15Ivory Coast1Japan11Kenya3Liberia2Mali1Mexico3Morocco2Mozambique1Myanmar1Netherlands4New Zealand5Nigeria4Norway3Pakistan3Peru1Philippines1Poland5Portugal2Romania1Russia7Saint Lucia1Samoa1Senegal3Serbia1Singapore1Somalia1South Africa3South Korea3Spain5Sweden4Switzerland1Tanzania1Trinidad and Tobago1Tunisia1Türkiye3Ukraine1United Kingdom34United States76Uruguay1Uzbekistan4Venezuela1Vietnam1Yemen1Zimbabwe1
6 figures
Al-Razi (Rhazes)
854 – 925Distinguished smallpox from measles and pioneered clinical case records.
Iran·Medicine · Chemistry
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
980 – 1037Wrote the medical textbook that trained Europe's doctors until 1650.
Uzbekistan·Medicine · Philosophy · AstronomyFull profile
Avicenna's student Al-Juzjani
980 – 1070Preserved and completed Ibn Sina's corpus.
Afghanistan·Medicine · History
Hildegard of Bingen
1098 – 1179Abbess, composer, and author of the first known European medical texts by a woman.
Germany·Medicine · Literature
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
1126 – 1198His Aristotle commentaries restarted European philosophy.
Spain·Philosophy · Medicine
Maimonides
1138 – 1204Guide for the Perplexed reconciled reason and revelation for Judaism.
Spain·Philosophy · Medicine