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The Art of War is still on military and business curricula worldwide.

Physician to gladiators and emperors whose anatomy ruled medicine for 1,400 years.

Founded Madhyamaka Buddhism and its logic of emptiness.

Systematised Advaita Vedanta and reorganised Hindu monasticism.

Wrote the medical textbook that trained Europe's doctors until 1650.

Reoriented Islamic thought toward inwardness and challenged the philosophers on their own ground.

Sufi poet whose Masnavi is among the best-selling poetry on Earth today.

First non-European Nobel laureate; wrote two nations' anthems.

Turned nonviolent resistance into a working political technology.

Poet-philosopher who conceived the idea of Pakistan.

Wrote Vietnam's declaration of independence quoting Jefferson.

Principal architect of India's constitution and Dalit emancipation.

Recast famine as a failure of entitlement, not food supply.

Philosopher of seed sovereignty and critic of industrial agriculture.