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15 figures

Benjamin Franklin

1706 – 1790

Electricity, bifocals, and the American public sphere.

United States·Physics · Literature · Engineering

Frederick Douglass

1818 – 1895

His Narrative was abolition's most powerful weapon.

United States·Literature · Philosophy

Walt Whitman

1819 – 1892

Leaves of Grass invented American poetic voice.

United States·Literature

Emily Dickinson

1830 – 1886

1,800 poems found in a drawer redefined lyric compression.

United States·Literature

Prentice Mulford

1834 – 1891

Essayist who popularised 'thoughts are things' and the idea of mental forces.

United States·New Thought · Literature

William Walker Atkinson

1862 – 1932

Prolific author who named the law of attraction and wrote as Yogi Ramacharaka.

United States·New Thought · Literature

W. E. B. Du Bois

1868 – 1963

The Souls of Black Folk and the concept of double consciousness.

United States·Philosophy · History · Literature

Florence Scovel Shinn

1871 – 1940

Illustrator turned teacher whose parables made affirmation practice everyday.

United States·New Thought · Literature

William Faulkner

1897 – 1962

Built Yoknapatawpha County and the Southern conscience.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Ernest Hemingway

1899 – 1961

Stripped English prose to the bone.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Rachel Carson

1907 – 1964

Silent Spring launched the environmental movement and got DDT banned.

United States·Biology · Literature

James Baldwin

1924 – 1987

The Fire Next Time; the most precise prose on American race ever written.

United States·Literature

Martin Luther King Jr.

1929 – 1968

Letter from Birmingham Jail and a movement that rewrote American law.

United States·Peace · Philosophy · LiteratureNobel

Toni Morrison

1931 – 2019

Wrote Black American interior life without explaining it to anyone.

United States·LiteratureNobelFull profile

Bob Dylan

b. 1941

First songwriter awarded the literature Nobel.

United States·LiteratureNobel