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Filter by category and discipline, then by continent, country and century of birth. Countries not yet represented can be drafted at the research desk.

33 figures

Benjamin Franklin

1706 – 1790

Electricity, bifocals, and the American public sphere.

United States·Physics · Literature · Engineering

Phineas Quimby

1802 – 1866

Clockmaker turned mental healer whose notebooks seeded the entire New Thought movement.

United States·New Thought · Philosophy

Warren Felt Evans

1817 – 1889

Swedenborgian minister who wrote the first systematic books of mental-cure philosophy.

United States·New Thought · Philosophy

Frederick Douglass

1818 – 1895

His Narrative was abolition's most powerful weapon.

United States·Literature · Philosophy

Walt Whitman

1819 – 1892

Leaves of Grass invented American poetic voice.

United States·Literature

Emily Dickinson

1830 – 1886

1,800 poems found in a drawer redefined lyric compression.

United States·Literature

Prentice Mulford

1834 – 1891

Essayist who popularised 'thoughts are things' and the idea of mental forces.

United States·New Thought · Literature

William James

1842 – 1910

Founded American psychology and, with Peirce, pragmatism; studied New Thought as 'mind-cure'.

United States·Philosophy · Psychology

Myrtle Fillmore

1845 – 1931

Her recovery from tuberculosis through affirmative prayer began the Unity movement.

United States·New Thought · Theology

Emma Curtis Hopkins

1849 – 1925

The 'teacher of teachers' who trained the founders of Unity, Divine Science and Religious Science.

United States·New Thought · Education

Charles Fillmore

1854 – 1948

Co-founded Unity with Myrtle Fillmore in 1889; built its prayer ministry and publishing house.

United States·New Thought · Theology

John Dewey

1859 – 1952

Pragmatist whose learning-by-doing reshaped schools on every continent.

United States·Philosophy · Education

Wallace Wattles

1860 – 1911

The Science of Getting Rich turned New Thought toward prosperity and later inspired The Secret.

United States·New Thought · Economics

Nona Brooks

1861 – 1945

Co-founded Divine Science and its Denver college of practitioners.

United States·New Thought · Theology

William Walker Atkinson

1862 – 1932

Prolific author who named the law of attraction and wrote as Yogi Ramacharaka.

United States·New Thought · Literature

W. E. B. Du Bois

1868 – 1963

The Souls of Black Folk and the concept of double consciousness.

United States·Philosophy · History · Literature

Florence Scovel Shinn

1871 – 1940

Illustrator turned teacher whose parables made affirmation practice everyday.

United States·New Thought · Literature

Napoleon Hill

1883 – 1970

Think and Grow Rich carried New Thought into business self-help; his sourcing remains disputed.

United States·New Thought · Economics

Ernest Holmes

1887 – 1960

Founded Religious Science and wrote The Science of Mind, its systematic textbook.

United States·New Thought · Philosophy

William Faulkner

1897 – 1962

Built Yoknapatawpha County and the Southern conscience.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Norman Vincent Peale

1898 – 1993

The Power of Positive Thinking sold tens of millions and mainstreamed the movement.

United States·New Thought · Theology

Ernest Hemingway

1899 – 1961

Stripped English prose to the bone.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Rachel Carson

1907 – 1964

Silent Spring launched the environmental movement and got DDT banned.

United States·Biology · Literature

John Rawls

1921 – 2002

A Theory of Justice: fairness derived from behind the veil of ignorance.

United States·Philosophy · Law

James Baldwin

1924 – 1987

The Fire Next Time; the most precise prose on American race ever written.

United States·Literature

Louise Hay

1926 – 2017

You Can Heal Your Life and Hay House globalised affirmation culture; its health claims are contested.

United States·New Thought · Psychology

Catherine Ponder

b. 1927

Unity minister whose prosperity books shaped late-century abundance teaching.

United States·New Thought · Economics

Martin Luther King Jr.

1929 – 1968

Letter from Birmingham Jail and a movement that rewrote American law.

United States·Peace · Philosophy · LiteratureNobel

Toni Morrison

1931 – 2019

Wrote Black American interior life without explaining it to anyone.

United States·LiteratureNobelFull profile

Bob Dylan

b. 1941

First songwriter awarded the literature Nobel.

United States·LiteratureNobel

Martha Nussbaum

b. 1947

Capabilities approach to justice, and a defence of emotion in public reason.

United States·Philosophy · Human Rights

David Frawley

b. 1950

Vedic scholar whose texts linked Ayurveda, yoga and jyotish for Western students.

United States·Ayurveda · Philosophy

Michael Beckwith

b. 1956

Founded Agape International and carried New Thought to a global multiracial audience.

United States·New Thought · Theology